Title: Activity Profile between Winners and Losers in Females Silat Olahraga Class B SEA Games 2015 (Female 50kg-55kg Class B)

1.0       ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to study and identify the indicators in Silat Olahraga such as  the sweep, kick, punch, topple and others technique used in Silat competition of the 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015, Women Class B Final Laos vs Thailand. All these matches were won by both men and women Malaysia’s players. In silat can be divided into two categories which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga. For this study, Silat Olahraga is a main basic of sparing in competition. The game statistic consists of punch, kick, topple, block, block and kick, block and punch, block and sweep, fake kick, fake punch, self-release, catch, dodge and others. Thus far, it will be classified on the hit-target, hit-elsewhere and miss target (N. Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013)

This technique would be occurring when the two pesilat perform in a competition. Pesilat can perform their technique of punching by using hand while topple can use hand or leg to take down the opponent. However, the point will be collected according to the opponent falling down to the ground. The notational analyses are used to record the sweep, kick, punch, topple and motion categories hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent.

2.0       INTRODUCTION

Silat is one of the martial arts that originated from Indonesia. It is called as a tradition practiced in southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and Malaysia. Silat is the Malay art of combat fighting art. According to Kartomi M.(2011), Pencak silat (‘the art of self defence’) is a contemporary umbrella term used in Indonesia and Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia to designate the hundreds of traditional and modern martial art genres that are performed either solo or as a duel, and with or without musical accompaniment. There are separate national organisations in each of the main countries the sport is practised in and they are Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) from Indonesia, Persekutuan Silat Kebangsaan Malaysia (PESAKA) from Malaysia, Persekutuan Silat Brunei Darussalam (PERSIB) from Brunei and Persekutuan Silat Singapura (PERSISI) from Singapore.

The uniqueness of Silat Olahraga is the rule. In the rule, there are exist of basic commands, time for each match, target area to attack the opponent, and the scoring point for each of the area that attacked. For the basic commands, the ‘Wasit’ which is referee will issue the command 'Sedia', meaning 'ready'. Then, he will shout 'Mulai', meaning 'begin'. Immediately the 'gong' will be struck. When the Wasit wants to stop the fight, he will shout 'Berhenti', meaning 'stop'. Every time the fighters step out of the ring, the Wasit will stop the fight and bring the fighters back to the center. If a fighter repeatedly steps outside the ring, especially if stepping backwards, the wasit may issue a penalty point. If Pesilat continues to do that he may be given 2 penalty points. If Pesilat still continues to step out of the ring, the Wasit may even decide to end the fight and proclaim Pesilat opponent the winner. There are three rounds of fighting, 2 minutes for every round, with 1minute rest between each round.

3.0       MATERIAL AND METHODS

Match Analysis

A publicly available video recording of women Silat Olahraga match from the National Silat Olahraga competition in 28th SEA Games 2015 held at Singapore was used for the analysis. There are two (2) matches used for the analysis; a women final match of class B of 50kg-55kg and a women semi-final match of class B 50kg-55kg weight category. 14 different types of event performed by the four women contestants as well as the start and end action of periods are identified. But, this analysis more focuses on the specific skills, which are punching, kicking, sweeping, and topple categorized each of these indicators into hit target, hit elsewhere, and miss opponent. Besides that, the video will be repeated and play in slow motion to identify the action or skills made by exponents to get the accurate analyse (Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013). There have several types of motion categories that have been showed:

Punch:

The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with closed fist hitting the target. In silat, punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to exponent body’s (Anuar, 1993).

Kick:

The kick ‘tendang’ or ‘terajang’ is an ataacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘ tendang lengkar’(Anuar, 1993).

Block:

The blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any attck (Anuar, 1993).

Catch:

The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exit to protect the silat exponent’s (Anuar, 1993).

Topple:

There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bad or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the sila exponent topples his opponent down without wresting or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down (Anuar, 1993).

Sweep:

Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to unstable him and brings down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with his right or left leg. Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg (Anuar, 1993).

Evade/Dodge:

The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ ducking ‘susup’ and etc. (Anuar, 1993).

Self-Release:

Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent (Anuar, 1993)

Block and Punch:

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent (Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013).

Block and Kick:

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).

Block and Sweep:

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).

Fake Punch:

An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).

Fake Kick:

An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).

All the activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.

4.0       STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The observation generated data will be frequency counted. All the raw data collected from the all matches use the system produce by Shapie at al 2013 statistical analysis was conducted using (SPSS) Statistical package social science version 21. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference performance between the winner and loser in Silat matches.

5.0       RESULTS

The result has been showed in the table below which is the first table there have 13 techniques that combine from the winner and loser while the second table shows the specific skills from the exponents used such as sweep, kick, punch, and topple techniques. There have three outcomes based on the observation from the video matches, which are hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. All these matches were won by Thailand and Laos team.

Table 1.0 Thailand Vs Laos (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Thailand Won)

Action	Outcome
	Hit Target		Hit Elsewhere		Miss Opponent			Not Available*		Total
	Thai (W)	Laos (L)	Thai (W)	Laos (L)	Thai (W)	Laos (L)	Thai (W)		Laos (L)	Thai (W)	Laos (L)
Block & Punch
Block & Kick
Block & Sweep
Block
Kick	9	12	10	6	4	5				23	23
Fake Kick
Punch	10	4	1							11	4
Fake Punch
Topple		1								-	1
Catch
Dodge
Sweep	4		4		5					13	-
Self-Release
Total	23	17	15	6	9	5				47	28

Table 1.1 Frequency profile of 2 opponents

EXPONENT	PUNCH	KICK	SWEEP	TOPPLE	TOTAL
THAILAND (Winner)	11	23	13	-	47
LAOS (Loser)	4	23	-	1	28
TOTAL	15	46	13	1	74

Table 1.2 Mean for each team

Thailand (Winner)	(11 + 23 + 13) / 4 = 11.8
Laos (Loser)	(4 + 23 + 1) / 4 = 7

Table 1.3 Laos vs Singapore (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Laos Won)

Action	Outcome
	Hit Target		Hit Elsewhere		Miss Opponent			Not Available*		Total
	Laos (W)	Sin (L)	Laos (W)	Sin (L)	Laos (W)	Sin (L)	Laos (W)		Sin (L)	Laos (W)	Sin (L)
Block & Punch
Block & Kick
Block & Sweep
Block										11	16
Kick	11	6	25	19	26	17				62	42
Fake Kick										3	6
Punch	10	6	5	2	5	2				20	10
Fake Punch
Topple	1	0	2	1	1	3				4	4
Catch
Dodge
Sweep	-	-	1	4	3	2				4	6
Self-Release
Total	21	12	33	26	35	24				104	84

Table 1.4 Frequency profile of 2 opponents

EXPONENT	PUNCH	KICK	SWEEP	TOPPLE	TOTAL
LAOS (Winner)	20	62	4	4	90
SINGAPORE (Loser)	10	42	6	4	62
TOTAL	30	104	10	8	152

Table 1.5 Mean for each team

Laos (Winner)	(20 + 62 + 4 + 4) / 4 = 22.5
Singapore (Loser)	(10 + 42 + 6 + 4) / 4 = 15.5

6.0       DISCUSSION

Based on the result, group statistics can be found by the SPSS software that being used to calculated all the possible data according to the notated exponent statistics. All the 2 Silat olahraga matches are being conquered by Laos and Thailand teams. It shows that Laos and Thailand athletes are dominant to control their opponent during the match’s.

For the first match is Women’s Final Class B 50kg-55kg Thailand vs Laos and second match is Women’s Semi Final Class B 50kg-55kg Laos vs Singapore. Based on my record from the video matches, the total of frequency table for Thailand vs Laos is 47 and 28. While Laos vs Singapore is 90 and 62. This total are comprising from variety technique such as punch, kick, sweep and topple. From this result Thailand and Laos are higher than the other exponents during the competition. In this match, the fighter or exponents use both upper and lower body part to make a movement and the fighter is really good in both at punching and kicking than other techniques

For this analysis, the fighter has to developed more strength, power, agility and cardiovascular fitness to enhance or maintain the performance level. Each physical fitness component is important to them for developed or train during training and will perform well during competition. Current study showed, the fighter mostly used kicking and punching techniques than other that is because the fighter was good at both techniques to get more score or point during competition. Usually, the winner uses their tactic and knows how to make self-defence very well from being attacked and always find the chance to attack the opponent such as topple down which is the fighter use their leg or hand to let the opponent falling down to the floor then after that the fighter will get the point (Shapie, M. N. M. & Elias, 2015).

Refer to frequency of table the first match Women’s Final Thailand (Winner) and Laos (Loser). The fighter from Thailand got higher score which is from kick 23, punch 11 and sweep 13. For the second match Women’s Semi Final Laos (Winner) and Singapore (Loser). The fighter from Laos made kick 62, punch 20, sweep 4 and topple 4. In this match, the fighter used licking more than punch, topple and block. In this match, the fighter used kicking and punching as their main technique to let the opponent fall down and get the higher score.

7.0       CONCLUSION

The conclusion of this study is to determine the level method used by the both exponents Silat Olahraga Sea Game 2015. For example, used kick, punch, sweep and topple then measured motion categories by hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. Based on the observation, the winning team used a lot of technique or skill that involve the higher point such as punch and kicking. The competitor should improve their skill especially on topple and sweep. Plus, the exponents who make the best technique or use more tactical, will get the higher score and win the competition. Besides, Pesilat need to improve their fitness level such as muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, power, agility, speed to enhance their performance level. In this study is to observe which techniques are used more during competition by both fighters. The fewer mistakes they made, the better result they will get. However, the exponents should develop more their strength, power, agility to give the fast attack to the opponent. Both the exponents used the high intensity action than low intensity action during the competition because it also helps to contribute to get the highest score rather than low intensity action. Last but not least, to ensure the good performance played by the athletes of ‘Pesilat’, they have to fully prepared especially on their physical & mental in order to give their best commitment and also good results by winning each game.

8.0       APPENDICES

Group Statistics - Thailand Vs Laos (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Thailand Won)

Descriptive Statistics
	N	Mean		Std. Deviation
	Statistic	Statistic	Std. Error	Statistic
Thailand (Winner)	47	2.04	.105	.721
Laos (Loser)	28	1.93	.102	.539
Valid N (listwise)	28

 Group Statistics - Laos vs Singapore (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Laos Won)

Descriptive Statistics
	N	Mean		Std. Deviation
	Statistic	Statistic	Std. Error	Statistic
Laos (Winner)	90	1.91	.070	.664
Singapore (Loser)	62	2.06	.092	.721
Valid N (listwise)	62

Laos vs Singapore (Female’s 50kg-55kg Class B) (Laos Won)

9.0       REFERENCES

Shapie M.N.M, Oliver J., O’Donoghue PG, Tong R. (2013). Activity profile

           during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sport and

           Martial Art. 1(2); Vol. 4,81-86 DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1073630

Kartomi M. (2011). Traditional and Modern Forms of Pencak Silat in Indonesia: ‘The

         Suku Mamak in Riau’. Musicology Australia. Vol. 33(1), Pg. 47-68. DOI :

         10.1080/08145857.2011.580716

Anuar A.W. (1993), Silat Olahraga (2nd edn.). The art, technique and regulations,
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Shapie, M. N. M., & Elias, M. S. (2015). Seni Silat Malaysia: The Malay Arts of Self-Defence.Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Health and Martial Arts in Interdisciplinary Approach, HMA 2015.

Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Women’s Class B Final Laos vs Thailand (Day 9); 28^th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ml0sFzboUnI

Sport Singapore. (2015). PEncak Silat Tanding Women’s Class B Semi Final Singapore vs Laos (Day 8); 28^th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/SghP76tXRQo

https://malaymartialarts-silat.blogspot.my/2013/05/the-silat-olahraga.html